
While the simple definition of “epithet” is a “name” or “moniker,” the connotation is clearly negative, as in “hurling epithets.” An epithet is name-shaming—a designation meant to demean. It is a rhetorical punch, meant to land with force and effect.
Growing up “born again,” of which I have written before here, here, here, and here, there was an entire list of epithets that were rehearsed on a regular basis at home, in churches, on Christian radio, and in the religious schools that still dot the land.
They were mainly employed as a warning—a warning about certain people, people with ideas or actions that were wrong, dangerous, and possibly demonic. When I say “rehearsed,” I mean just that. In sermons preached in local churches, large assembly halls, on the radio, and on TV (in the later years), you could almost predict when they would come out as the “preachers” worked themselves up to a frenzy of anger and hate.
At home, they were as regular as the evening news—when they were most frequently employed. And at the Bible College, where I spent four years, they were given more refined formulations—more intellectual renderings. But they were still meant to be hostile, and in all cases they were used against people who were (God’s grace notwithstanding) pretty much beyond redemption.
My purpose here is not to sort through all of them. In recent reflections, I have only gone back to the most prominent ones, the ones that stood the test of time and evolved even as the targets changed.
My purpose here IS to examine how these epithets, in current times, most aptly describe, not the people I was taught to fear (hate), but rather the people most beloved by the kind of folks who were my teachers.
I am not going to offer exhaustive proof. I am merely going to hold up the most public aspects of these people to illustrate how the epithets of my youth have evolved to describe those in power today.
And the lesson—the conclusion, really—is simple. The epithets that were hurled (with abandon) in my youth were tossed about by men who were envious of the targets of their attempted humiliation. Let me say it in the current vernacular—every accusation was an admission. They wanted to be able to “live that way,” but they knew they could not, at least not then. But times have changed, and now those to whom these “monikers” apply seem to glory in the naming—they wear them as a badge of honor.
Let’s dig in to see what I mean. In no particular order, here are the epithets of my youth. Some are best expressed as nouns, others as adjectives.
One note: As you read through these, you will see that about half of them have to do with sex. This is not surprising since the brand of Christianity I grew up in was positively obsessed with it. I won’t go into all the details about this here. But sex was that one thing that one could simultaneously not engage in and not really talk about in any meaningful way, but was also on the mind of the “preachers” almost constantly, and found its way into their condemnations constantly.
It’s not an exaggeration to say that pretty much everything was about sex then, and it still is. Fundamentally, it was, and still is, about controlling women’s bodies, while men were/are given a pass for their indiscretions. After all, most of these folks seems pretty okay with “grab ’em by the pussy.”
Permissiveness
In one sense, “permissiveness” was the root of everything. Permissiveness was used to describe people who lived without “boundaries.” Being permissive meant that you could indulge your carnal pleasures without limit or concern for the consequences. Permissiveness by parents would lead to children who smoked, drank, had sex, and used drugs. Permissiveness was a sickness of the time.
Back then, permissiveness was associated with questioning authority, eschewing norms, and generally flaunting social conventions.
The issue of “boundaries” is interesting in our time, when the most powerful people in the world (I mean that literally) can say things like “the only thing limiting me is my own morals.” In other words: “I set the boundaries, and they are whatever I define them as.”
Permissiveness has graduated from something we warned children about to a big grown-up thing we assume the powerful will practice—with abandon and without consequences.
Lawlessness
If permissiveness was for children, lawlessness was a grown-up term. In one sense, lawlessness was the “adult” outcome of permissiveness. If you grew up in a permissive household, you would end up a lawless person.
Lawlessness was, not surprisingly, associated with violence, such as the urban riots of the 60s and 70s. Clearly, people who would riot in the streets, burning cars and buildings, had grown up in permissive households. They had not learned limits. The result was literal lawlessness. But the problem was in their hearts.
At home, lawlessness or lawless acts were not against the government, after all, the government was a suspect entity. Acts of lawlessness against the government might not be lawlessness at all. They might be necessary. Lawlessness showed itself in damage to something far more sacred: private property.
This was how lawlessness was used at home, but there was also lawlessness among Bible teachers. This was the lawlessness that was, essentially, shaking one’s fist at God. This lawlessness was far more dangerous than the mere physical kind because one’s eternal soul was at stake.
I will note that all forms of “white collar” crime were exempted from the category of lawlessness.
It is interesting to see how parts of America that, in other times, would condemn physical violence against the police as a prime example of lawlessness, seem to allow it in certain carefully prescribed circumstances (say, at the Capitol on a January day). In these days, the lawless might be pardoned if their lawlessness is against the right kind of people or for the right reasons. As was the case in my youth, lawlessness might be okay if the target is corrupt or suspect. And, as was the case then, if you have enough money and don’t actually throw a punch or a projectile, your lawlessness may not be lawlessness at all.
Antinomianism
When I went off to Bible College, permissiveness and lawlessness acquired a new moniker—a more theological formulation: antinomianism. Antinomianism is considered a theological error (by orthodox Christians) and a fundamental misunderstanding of God’s grace, suggesting that those covered by grace are not under any moral law.
In essence, antinomians say that God’s grace covers all sin and that God’s grace is beyond bounds. Therefore, for followers of Jesus, there is no moral law; their faith and God’s grace render moral law unnecessary.
St. Paul seems to have directly dismissed this idea in Romans 6 when he asked whether we should “continue in sin” because of grace. His answer was a resounding “No.”
Paul never disputed that grace abounds: “where sin abounds, grace abounds even more,” he said just before arguing that this does NOT mean one should continue in sin.
Perhaps today we could frame this as “where sin abounds, praise abounds even more.” After all, we have a president who, no matter his sin—be it transgressing the Constitution or protecting a pedophile—receives praise. The ritual genuflecting at every staff meeting, or the mindless praise heaped on his acts of genius, move in tandem with his worst sins.
Where sin abounds, praise abounds even more. Indeed.
Our president is an antinomian—relying on the unswerving grace (and praise) provided by his sycophants—to continue in sin and defy any and all moral strictures.
But antinomianism is also a statement about autonomy. To be unbound. To be free. To be accountable to no one and no standard is a declaration of autonomy. More could be said about this, but this “freedom” is, perhaps, the unstated goal of humanity, and may explain why we secretly admire the antinomian for the audacity of their declaration of independence. What Joan Didion referred to as the “dream we no longer admit.” But, maybe now we not only admit it, but praise it.
Immorality/Hedonism
Immorality was always about sex. Hedonism was immorality celebrated publicly, wantonly, and unapologetically. If immorality was “grabbing them by the pussy,” hedonism was celebrating it publicly.
Immorality, let alone hedonism, was never to be rewarded with, say, an election victory…
At best, you were given a pass if you were a man (married) who committed an “indiscretion” with a woman. After all, women were largely responsible for these indiscretions. Male immorality was a blemish, but one that could be removed with time and with the ever-enduring empathy for the weak (male) flesh.
But back then, immoral people (men) were never celebrated, and the clock could run out on a life before it ran out on the opprobrium.
No more.
Today, those who would otherwise rail against immorality give immoral people a pass if they provide access to power. Now, immorality is ignored, and hedonism barely causes a stir depending on who engages in it.
In fact, the most depraved forms of hedonism are seemingly ignored or actively hidden if they involve the wealthy and connected. There is now evidence that, globally, many wealthy people even banded together in a loose but strong affiliation to commit heinous sexual acts against children. The social capital that enabled them to accomplish things together that they would never have contemplated doing alone is something to behold: deep human bonds nurtured to promote the most despicable acts.
I am a long way from my childhood on this one.
Situation Ethics/Secular Humanism/Postmodernism/Relativism/Post-Truth
This last category is a cluster of terms that evolved over the course of my life, but all, more or less, came down to the same thing. The overarching characteristic of these terms—deployed in an ever-evolving condemnation—was the belief in the lack of any objective truth.
In general, these terms were used against intellectuals who questioned the idea of a single, fixed set of moral standards handed down by a deity. It is not that these intellectuals doubted the existence of good or evil; it is that they would not ascribe these concepts to the dictates of an eternal being. And, according to my teachers, without a god, there could be no truth. Deny God, you must deny truth.
I was well into adulthood before I learned that there were people in the world who held that “truth” could be independent of God.
I was taught that “We hold these truths to be self-evident” could only be understood if a creator were involved.
Having access to truth—God’s truth—was also the basis of morality. People who rejected God’s existence could not be trusted to tell the truth because, after all, they did not hold to any truth. Quite simply, if you did not believe in God, you could and would be a liar. It is not that you would have understood that you were a liar; it is only that truth did not matter to you, because there was no truth.
Without an anchor in truth, people could say anything at all. And that would inevitably lead to chaos.
Well, where are we today?
Fact-checking is now a career.
I wake up every morning wondering what new slew of lies will have been told while I slept. We have never lived in a less truthful time, and the main purveyors of the firehose of lies that flow our way every day are those most admired by those who formally condemned our post-truth world.
Epitaph (not epithet)
I remember all these epithets, these names, now with a kind of wonder.
But I have buried those years, and the name on the tombstone of my (innocent) youth reads:
Herein lie lies parading as moral superiority. The words were mobilized to attack others, while those hurling the epithets secretly yearned not only to own but to practice them.


